A table lamp is a portable lighting fixture designed for placement on a table or desk. It typically consists of a base, a stand, and a shade. The base provides stability and often contains the lamp's electrical components, while the stand supports the shade and houses the bulb socket. The shade serves both functional and aesthetic purposes, diffusing and directing the light while contributing to the lamp's overall style. Table lamps come in a wide variety of designs, materials, and sizes, making them versatile and adaptable for various lighting needs, from providing task lighting for reading to adding ambiance to a room.